chantu
06-30 10:19 AM
Chantu, you did not understand my question. My question is not about where i should file NOW, but it's about where i filed LAST YEAR. it's about Question # 11.
I am sorry about that.
I am sorry about that.
wallpaper icc world cup 2011 logo. the
gauravster
04-30 07:48 PM
Wall Street Journal has a article about the Greenspan's testimony. The comments seem to be taken over by the anti's. Please comment if you can.
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB124112017018574119.html
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB124112017018574119.html
a_yaja
08-07 06:19 PM
From the information that you have provided, I can tell you that their argument does not hold any water. The same can be said of H1B as well. If they are tracking expiration of H1B, they certainly can do the same for EAD.
Hi,
Iam trying to explain my employer that it's ok to hire employees with EAD. For some reason they prefer GC or Citizen only. I referred them to the Discrimination clause on I-9 form. Then they told me about their problems hiring EAD.
1) If the Employee is hired on a valid EAD and later during the course of employment the EAD expired, there is no system in place for them to check back with the employee if (s)he has renewed it in a timely manner.
2) If such an employee that has not renewed their EAD and continued their employment beyond expiration without notifying the employer, the company is worried that they may be legally liable for harboring employees with illegal statuses.
Please help me understand if their concerns are valid and if not what is the remedy.
Hi,
Iam trying to explain my employer that it's ok to hire employees with EAD. For some reason they prefer GC or Citizen only. I referred them to the Discrimination clause on I-9 form. Then they told me about their problems hiring EAD.
1) If the Employee is hired on a valid EAD and later during the course of employment the EAD expired, there is no system in place for them to check back with the employee if (s)he has renewed it in a timely manner.
2) If such an employee that has not renewed their EAD and continued their employment beyond expiration without notifying the employer, the company is worried that they may be legally liable for harboring employees with illegal statuses.
Please help me understand if their concerns are valid and if not what is the remedy.
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cooldudesfo
09-11 01:46 PM
Does your Attorney says that counter will start from Aug 28, 2007 ?
Did he say anything about Aug 28, 2007 falling out of Aug 17, 2007 limit date for filing AOS and can that cause any issues?
I am still waiting for an answer from my Attorney. Will post the details here as soon as I hear anything from them.
Did he say anything about Aug 28, 2007 falling out of Aug 17, 2007 limit date for filing AOS and can that cause any issues?
I am still waiting for an answer from my Attorney. Will post the details here as soon as I hear anything from them.
more...
RandyK
07-18 12:55 AM
We should focus our attention on these issues now while everything is hot
martinvisalaw
10-06 05:45 PM
You could apply to change status from L-1 to H-1B while staying in the US. If the L-1 expires while the change of status is pending, however, you could not work during the gap.
You should not have a problem getting a H-1B visa in India. Have you thought about Canada or Mexico either?
You should not have a problem getting a H-1B visa in India. Have you thought about Canada or Mexico either?
more...
harivenkat
05-06 09:33 PM
Senator Bob Menendez (New Jersey)'s no. is (202) 224-4744
I called him yesterday... his staff is very friendly they take your name and message and pass it on to him,,, today Senator Menendez has chided Obama
Immigration overhaul: Sen. Menendez chides Obama; Sen. Schumer appeals to Arizona governor - latimes.com (http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-na-immigration-20100507,0,1561517.story)
Senator chides Obama as pressure rises on immigration
A Democratic leader says the president must treat the overhaul with more urgency. Schumer writes to the Arizona governor, hoping to delay a controversial state law.
By Peter Nicholas, Tribune Washington Bureau
A key Senate Democratic leader said President Obama must treat the immigration crisis with far more urgency, as pressure over the issue intensified across the country Thursday.
Sen. Robert Menendez of New Jersey, an Obama ally and one of a handful of Democratic senators shaping an immigration proposal presented last week, faulted the president for suggesting on Wednesday that an immigration bill won't be finished until 2011 at the earliest.
"Telling people we're not going to get a legislative solution this year, or to suggest maybe that it's not possible this year, is not in the best interests of the nation," Menendez said in an interview in the Capitol.
At the same time, legislators and activists took steps Thursday to head off policies that they contend unfairly target illegal immigrants. Sen. Charles E. Schumer (D-N.Y.) asked Arizona's governor in a letter to delay enactment of a tough new law that criminalizes the failure to carry immigration papers. Schumer also asked for a meeting with the governor, Republican Jan Brewer.
And one Latino advocacy group, unhappy with what it sees as Obama's aggressive deportation practices, said it would attempt to end-run the president. The group said it would send a Mother's Day letter to First Lady Michelle Obama, telling her that deporting people is destructive to families.
The developments reflected mounting frustration over the immigration question. Speaking at a Cinco de Mayo reception in the Rose Garden on Wednesday, Obama promised to "begin work" on an immigration bill this year, but set no deadline for completion.
His press secretary, Robert Gibbs, sounded a more pessimistic note at a briefing Thursday. Asked why the White House doesn't push ahead with an immigration bill as it has with other legislation that lacked a bipartisan consensus, Gibbs said: "Well, because there's not enough support to move forward."
Even if prospects for an immigration overhaul are dwindling, the White House shouldn't give up, proponents insisted. Menendez said he had asked the White House to host a major summit devoted to the issue, modeled after the healthcare summit in February. Invitations would go to House and Senate lawmakers from both parties, with a block of time set aside for hashing out differences.
A White House official who was asked about that idea Thursday said: "We are continuing to examine all of the options for moving forward with a bipartisan conversation."
Always a divisive issue, illegal immigration is generating renewed bitterness on the right and left of the political spectrum. Part of the upheaval springs from the Arizona law. But advocates for Latino interests are also resentful of the Obama administration's enforcement policies.
A memo by the head of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement showed that the agency wants to deport 400,000 people a year � more than double the number in 2005.
Menendez called on the president to order a less punitive approach. Deporting people when "counting is taking place" during the decennial census is "reason alone" for suspending the practice, he said.
In the hope that Michelle Obama might prove a softer touch, the National Alliance of Latin American and Caribbean Communities said it would send a letter to the first lady inviting her to intervene.
Michelle Obama has taken a largely apolitical posture since her husband became president. Choosing sides on such a fraught issue would be out of character, but the alliance is appealing to her "as a mother."
"Deportations have reached record levels under President Obama's administration. For each person deported, there are young children left behind who are denied the right to be cared for by their parents," the letter to Michelle Obama reads.
With Arizona's law scheduled to go into effect in July, Schumer hopes to derail it by convincing Brewer that a better solution is on the horizon.
He asked her to wait one year while Congress puts in place an immigration system that would provide tough border security, a foolproof identification system so that undocumented workers can't get jobs, and a path to legal status for the 11 million people living in the United States illegally.
Delaying the Arizona law would require state legislative action. Arizona officials did not respond to requests for comment.
Conceding that Republican support is lacking in the U.S. Senate, Schumer also asked Brewer to help round up GOP votes, including those of Arizona's two senators, John McCain and Jon Kyl. So far, no Republican lawmaker has agreed to support the effort.
Schumer wrote that a comprehensive immigration bill is the best remedy.
"I simply do not believe the remedy Arizona has enacted will succeed in resolving the problem it is designed to address," he wrote.
I called him yesterday... his staff is very friendly they take your name and message and pass it on to him,,, today Senator Menendez has chided Obama
Immigration overhaul: Sen. Menendez chides Obama; Sen. Schumer appeals to Arizona governor - latimes.com (http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-na-immigration-20100507,0,1561517.story)
Senator chides Obama as pressure rises on immigration
A Democratic leader says the president must treat the overhaul with more urgency. Schumer writes to the Arizona governor, hoping to delay a controversial state law.
By Peter Nicholas, Tribune Washington Bureau
A key Senate Democratic leader said President Obama must treat the immigration crisis with far more urgency, as pressure over the issue intensified across the country Thursday.
Sen. Robert Menendez of New Jersey, an Obama ally and one of a handful of Democratic senators shaping an immigration proposal presented last week, faulted the president for suggesting on Wednesday that an immigration bill won't be finished until 2011 at the earliest.
"Telling people we're not going to get a legislative solution this year, or to suggest maybe that it's not possible this year, is not in the best interests of the nation," Menendez said in an interview in the Capitol.
At the same time, legislators and activists took steps Thursday to head off policies that they contend unfairly target illegal immigrants. Sen. Charles E. Schumer (D-N.Y.) asked Arizona's governor in a letter to delay enactment of a tough new law that criminalizes the failure to carry immigration papers. Schumer also asked for a meeting with the governor, Republican Jan Brewer.
And one Latino advocacy group, unhappy with what it sees as Obama's aggressive deportation practices, said it would attempt to end-run the president. The group said it would send a Mother's Day letter to First Lady Michelle Obama, telling her that deporting people is destructive to families.
The developments reflected mounting frustration over the immigration question. Speaking at a Cinco de Mayo reception in the Rose Garden on Wednesday, Obama promised to "begin work" on an immigration bill this year, but set no deadline for completion.
His press secretary, Robert Gibbs, sounded a more pessimistic note at a briefing Thursday. Asked why the White House doesn't push ahead with an immigration bill as it has with other legislation that lacked a bipartisan consensus, Gibbs said: "Well, because there's not enough support to move forward."
Even if prospects for an immigration overhaul are dwindling, the White House shouldn't give up, proponents insisted. Menendez said he had asked the White House to host a major summit devoted to the issue, modeled after the healthcare summit in February. Invitations would go to House and Senate lawmakers from both parties, with a block of time set aside for hashing out differences.
A White House official who was asked about that idea Thursday said: "We are continuing to examine all of the options for moving forward with a bipartisan conversation."
Always a divisive issue, illegal immigration is generating renewed bitterness on the right and left of the political spectrum. Part of the upheaval springs from the Arizona law. But advocates for Latino interests are also resentful of the Obama administration's enforcement policies.
A memo by the head of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement showed that the agency wants to deport 400,000 people a year � more than double the number in 2005.
Menendez called on the president to order a less punitive approach. Deporting people when "counting is taking place" during the decennial census is "reason alone" for suspending the practice, he said.
In the hope that Michelle Obama might prove a softer touch, the National Alliance of Latin American and Caribbean Communities said it would send a letter to the first lady inviting her to intervene.
Michelle Obama has taken a largely apolitical posture since her husband became president. Choosing sides on such a fraught issue would be out of character, but the alliance is appealing to her "as a mother."
"Deportations have reached record levels under President Obama's administration. For each person deported, there are young children left behind who are denied the right to be cared for by their parents," the letter to Michelle Obama reads.
With Arizona's law scheduled to go into effect in July, Schumer hopes to derail it by convincing Brewer that a better solution is on the horizon.
He asked her to wait one year while Congress puts in place an immigration system that would provide tough border security, a foolproof identification system so that undocumented workers can't get jobs, and a path to legal status for the 11 million people living in the United States illegally.
Delaying the Arizona law would require state legislative action. Arizona officials did not respond to requests for comment.
Conceding that Republican support is lacking in the U.S. Senate, Schumer also asked Brewer to help round up GOP votes, including those of Arizona's two senators, John McCain and Jon Kyl. So far, no Republican lawmaker has agreed to support the effort.
Schumer wrote that a comprehensive immigration bill is the best remedy.
"I simply do not believe the remedy Arizona has enacted will succeed in resolving the problem it is designed to address," he wrote.
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NikNikon
March 14th, 2006, 11:22 PM
Hi John, I don't consider myself a pro but I'll be more than happy to offer an opinion. I have the exact same set up as you - D70, SB600 speedlight, ect... The best way to get useable rodeo shots with our set up is to shoot rodeos held during daylight. I didn't mean that to sound like a smart ass remark, it's just you have three things working against you during night rodeo photography, the lack of light, the distance and freezing the action. I shot a rodeo that started out with daylight and went into the night. During the daylight hours I was using a 70-300mm zoom with a 2X extender, as it got darker I took the extender off and found a spot closer to the action. I also put my ISO at 1600 and put my SB600 on. If I remember right I was probably around 1/60 or 1/80 and was using the flash to stop the action and to my knowledge there isn't anyway of getting around the animal-flash-eye's syndrome. I just used photoshop to fix it during the post processing. But needless to say the ratio of useable photos during the night portion of the rodeo went way down. Even though I moved as close as possible (right up against the fence 90% from where the bulls were coming out) I had new problems to contend with, for one the dust kicked into the air would work against the flash and wash out the shot. So in that instance you have to rely on luck and timing. So I'd say move around and find your best vantage point and if you have photoshop learn how to use the "curves" function (clicking the white eyedropper on whats supposed to be white in your photo and black on whats supposed to be black). Probably not the solution you were looking for but a few ideas. The bigger fix would to get a camera that has 3200 ISO capabilities. I know there are a few Canon rodeo shooters here that can inform you about that here. Below are a couple links to a couple of my night shots. Good luck.
http://www.dphoto.us/forumphotos/showphoto.php/photo/28685/cat/746
http://www.dphoto.us/forumphotos/showphoto.php/photo/28686/cat/746
http://www.dphoto.us/forumphotos/showphoto.php/photo/28685/cat/746
http://www.dphoto.us/forumphotos/showphoto.php/photo/28686/cat/746
more...
radhagd
02-22 09:54 AM
Hi Guys i need some advice/help on my I-140 denial.
I have US masters and 4+years of US job experience and My I-140 was filed in EB2 using a Substitution labor which as the education/experience requirements of (14) Masters+1years experience or (15) Bachelors + 3Years Experience and it was denied without RFE saying the Labor certfication used is not suitable for EB2 as they say EB2 labor should be requiring "Masters or BS+5Years Exp", which makes sense.
So what are my options now
1. Can my attorney file an MTR and request the USCIS to consider mine as a EB3 case, if requested what are the chances of USCIS approving my I-140.
2. Once the MTR is filed to convert from EB2 to EB3, what is the present status of my 485/EAD/AP/FP
3. If the USCIS is okay converting from EB2 to EB3, will the same application's applied ealier for 485/EAD/AP/FP are valid or not?
4. My wife has used her EAD and she is doing a full time job, so now as my I-140 is denied and if an MTR is filed in next few days can she still continue the same job until the decision is made on the I-140 and 485.
5. My wife has an H1 also, so as she used her EAD(which came as my dependent) not with the company which hold's her H1, in this case what would be the status of her H1, can she quit her present job and do another job using her H1, is that H1 still valid.
Thank you all for your advices and help.
Same thing happened to my friend, in his case II40 is not denied but got Intent to deny they contacted sheila murthy and requested to consider in EB3and they got approved in 3 weeks. So I think in your case you apply Motion to reopen/appeal and request them to consider in EB3. I hope yours will be approved in EB3.
I have US masters and 4+years of US job experience and My I-140 was filed in EB2 using a Substitution labor which as the education/experience requirements of (14) Masters+1years experience or (15) Bachelors + 3Years Experience and it was denied without RFE saying the Labor certfication used is not suitable for EB2 as they say EB2 labor should be requiring "Masters or BS+5Years Exp", which makes sense.
So what are my options now
1. Can my attorney file an MTR and request the USCIS to consider mine as a EB3 case, if requested what are the chances of USCIS approving my I-140.
2. Once the MTR is filed to convert from EB2 to EB3, what is the present status of my 485/EAD/AP/FP
3. If the USCIS is okay converting from EB2 to EB3, will the same application's applied ealier for 485/EAD/AP/FP are valid or not?
4. My wife has used her EAD and she is doing a full time job, so now as my I-140 is denied and if an MTR is filed in next few days can she still continue the same job until the decision is made on the I-140 and 485.
5. My wife has an H1 also, so as she used her EAD(which came as my dependent) not with the company which hold's her H1, in this case what would be the status of her H1, can she quit her present job and do another job using her H1, is that H1 still valid.
Thank you all for your advices and help.
Same thing happened to my friend, in his case II40 is not denied but got Intent to deny they contacted sheila murthy and requested to consider in EB3and they got approved in 3 weeks. So I think in your case you apply Motion to reopen/appeal and request them to consider in EB3. I hope yours will be approved in EB3.
hair 2011 world cup cricket logo. world cup cricket 2011 logo
GCWhru
11-15 02:13 PM
I think there is nothing called State chapter link.. we have to come together and form a group.
Please reply to this thread and express your interest to join TN chapter.
I will consolidate.
Please reply to this thread and express your interest to join TN chapter.
I will consolidate.
more...
Josh Shaffer
06-01 01:40 PM
My name is Josh Shaffer and I am an award-winning filmmaker from Long Island. I need FLASH animators who can put together roughly four minutes of FLASH animation for an upcoming project. Animation must be in my hands latest mid-August, so that's two and a half months, more than enough time for the material I need. Animation can be Flintstone style if needed, static body with moving facial expressions, arms and legs.
More info, script samples available, first let me know if you're interested.
Thanks
Josh Shaffer
More info, script samples available, first let me know if you're interested.
Thanks
Josh Shaffer
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rkat
02-07 03:47 PM
Thanks again for all answers - Another Q that i had is - i am applying for a extension of my H1 Visa. My current validity is till June 2008. My 6 years will be completed in August 2009. I have a approved I-140!
My Q is - can i apply for a 3 year extension right now based on my 140 approval.? That is - can i extend H1 from July 2008 till June 2011..?? OR do i have to wait to complete all 6 years till i can use the benefit of the 140 approval for H1 extension?
Thank you!
My Q is - can i apply for a 3 year extension right now based on my 140 approval.? That is - can i extend H1 from July 2008 till June 2011..?? OR do i have to wait to complete all 6 years till i can use the benefit of the 140 approval for H1 extension?
Thank you!
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house Icc+world+cup+cricket+logo
Yeldarb
10-28 10:37 PM
How much do you expect the "earnings" to be?
tattoo cricket world cup logo 2011. 2011 World Cup Logo Cricket.
fromnaija
09-15 12:46 PM
I don't think it happens automatically. You will need to ask to be accorded the earlier priority date or if interfiling you will also initiate the process by asking that USCIS substitutes the previously submitted I-140 with a new approved one. The time to do that is when the PD on the newly approved 140 becomes current.
From your explanation, now that your old PD is current and the 140 for that is approved, you will have to ask that interfiling occur by sending a letter to USCIS with a copy of the new 140.
If you have done this, then the message you got could be that USCIS is ready to review your file by October. A congratulation may be in order here because I believe you will soon get your GC.
From your explanation, now that your old PD is current and the 140 for that is approved, you will have to ask that interfiling occur by sending a letter to USCIS with a copy of the new 140.
If you have done this, then the message you got could be that USCIS is ready to review your file by October. A congratulation may be in order here because I believe you will soon get your GC.
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Ann Ruben
05-27 05:33 PM
The EB-2 NIW category, like the EB-1 extraordinary ability category, has the advantage of not requiring employer sponsorship---both can be "self-petitions". Depending on the particular facts, it is sometimes easier to qualify for the EB-2 NIW category. It is also possible to file separate I-140 petitions in two or more categories at the same time to increase the liklihood of success.
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gogal
01-02 10:49 AM
It is said that 140 premium takes around 15 days... Is it true that, if there is any query during the premium processing, the 15 day count is not applicable.. I mean it goes back to the normal processing time in case of any query
more...
makeup Cricket World Cup 2011 logo. Cricket World Cup 2011 logo
kviswanathan
08-20 10:57 PM
still waiting
girlfriend cricket world cup 2011 logo.
Sreenuuk
08-07 09:30 AM
Admins Please delete the thread.
hairstyles world africa Cricket
sac-r-ten
02-23 09:12 AM
hi anu,
are you going to upload the last thursday's call on the wiki page?
thank you
are you going to upload the last thursday's call on the wiki page?
thank you
rta2009
11-25 07:38 PM
I'm not attorney but I'm suggesting based on my experience .I know answers as Ive gone through this recently...
1. Yes , Your PD for approved 140 is your possession. You can port it in your future 485 process of GC with your future employer even if your old employer revokes it.
2. You can get three year extension to your new H1 transfer with your current approved 140 of old employer.
3. Yes, You can.
Please let me know if you have any concerns.
Dear peacocklover,
Thank you for your helpful answers.
I'm in a similar situation even though in my case, the reason for H-1 transfer is because I might get laid off (my boss tell me to start looking around - massive lay off is coming).
May I ask one question to clarify your answer?
It's regarding #3, "once h1 is extended beyond the 6th year for say 3 years, can I transfer my h1 to a new employer", and your answer is yes.
So, once I complete the transfer to a new employer, can the previous employer "safely" revoke the H-1 and I-140, and won't have any effect on my newly transferred H-1?
(My boss will try to work it out, to keep I-140 open, but they plan to revoke it as soon as I got a new job).
Many many thanks :)
Have a wonderful Thanksgiving.
1. Yes , Your PD for approved 140 is your possession. You can port it in your future 485 process of GC with your future employer even if your old employer revokes it.
2. You can get three year extension to your new H1 transfer with your current approved 140 of old employer.
3. Yes, You can.
Please let me know if you have any concerns.
Dear peacocklover,
Thank you for your helpful answers.
I'm in a similar situation even though in my case, the reason for H-1 transfer is because I might get laid off (my boss tell me to start looking around - massive lay off is coming).
May I ask one question to clarify your answer?
It's regarding #3, "once h1 is extended beyond the 6th year for say 3 years, can I transfer my h1 to a new employer", and your answer is yes.
So, once I complete the transfer to a new employer, can the previous employer "safely" revoke the H-1 and I-140, and won't have any effect on my newly transferred H-1?
(My boss will try to work it out, to keep I-140 open, but they plan to revoke it as soon as I got a new job).
Many many thanks :)
Have a wonderful Thanksgiving.
Ennada
01-29 11:05 PM
Legalizing unauthorized immigrants would help economy, study says - CNN.com (http://www.cnn.com/2010/POLITICS/01/07/immigration.economy/index.html#cnnSTCText)
Washington (CNN) -- Legalization of the more than 11 million unauthorized immigrants in the United States would raise wages, increase consumption, create jobs and generate more tax revenue, two policy institutes say in a joint report Thursday.
The report by the Center for American Progress and the American Immigration Council estimates that "comprehensive immigration reform that legalizes currently unauthorized immigrants and creates flexible legal limits on future immigration" would yield at least $1.5 trillion in added U.S. gross domestic product over a 10-year period.
"This is a compelling economic reason to move away from the current 'vicious cycle' where enforcement-only policies perpetuate unauthorized migration and exert downward pressure on already low wages, and toward a 'virtuous cycle' of worker empowerment in which legal status and labor rights exert upward pressure on wages," study author Raul Hinojosa-Ojeda writes.
The study looks at three scenarios: deportation of undocumented workers, temporary worker programs and legalization of the current undocumented population. Deportation would lead to a loss of $2.6 trillion in gross domestic product over 10 years, the report says, while a worker program would lead to a gain of $792 billion. Full legalization would lead to the best economic results, the study says.
Other groups, such as the Center for Immigration Studies and the Federation for American Immigration Reform, say that unfettered immigration harms the United States and that entry into the nation must remain limited.
When running for president in 2008, Barack Obama said that comprehensive immigration reform would be a priority in his administration, but the issue has been sidelined by health care reform efforts in Congress, the weak economy and the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.
There are indications, however, that the Obama administration aims to revive immigration reform efforts in Congress this year.
The study bases many of its conclusions on an examination of what happened after passage of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, which granted legal status to 3 million unauthorized immigrants.
A 2006 Pew Hispanic Center report found that 56 percent of illegal immigrants in the United States in 2005 were from Mexico, a total of about 6.2 million unauthorized immigrants.
About 2.5 million unauthorized migrants, or 22 percent of the total, came from the rest of Latin America, primarily from Central America, the Pew Hispanic Center study found.
Of the remaining illegal immigrants, about 13 percent were from Asia, and 3 percent were from Canada and Europe, the Pew study said.
The report released Thursday says U.S. enforcement efforts -- mainly along the nearly 2,000-mile border with Mexico -- are costly and ineffective.
"The number of unauthorized immigrants in the United States has increased dramatically since the early 1990s despite equally dramatic increases in the amount of money the federal government spends on immigration enforcement," study author Hinojosa-Ojeda writes.
According to the report, the U.S. Border Patrol says its annual budget has increased by 714 percent since 1992, from $326.2 million in fiscal year 1992 to $2.7 billion in fiscal 2009. And the cost ratio of Border Patrol expenditures to apprehensions has increased by 1,041 percent, from $272 per apprehension in 1992 to $3,102 in 2008.
Similarly, the Border Patrol says the number of agents along the border with Mexico has grown by 390 percent, from 3,555 in fiscal 1992 to 17,415 in 2009.
"Yet the unauthorized immigrant population of the United States has roughly tripled in size over the past two decades, from an estimated 3.5 million in 1990 to 11.9 million in 2008," the report says, noting that illegal immigration appears to have declined slightly since 2007 as a result of the global recession.
The report points out that a long-term study conducted by the University of California, San Diego, found that 92 to 98 percent of unauthorized immigrants keep trying to cross the border until they succeed.
Increased enforcement has several unintended consequences, such as making the Southwestern border more lethal by channeling migrants through remote and rugged mountain and desert areas, the study found. The number of border-crossing deaths doubled in the decade after increased border enforcement started, a 2006 Government Accountability Office report said.
An October 2009 report by the American Civil Liberties Union of San Diego & Imperial Counties and Mexico's National Commission of Human Rights estimates that 5,607 migrants died while crossing the border between 1994 and 2008.
Tightened borders also have created new opportunities for people smugglers, who charged an average $2,000 to $3,000 per person in 2006, the study said. Ninety percent of illegal immigrants now hire smugglers, according to the report.
An examination of trends after the 1986 immigration reform law shows that legalization of unauthorized immigrants has benefits, the report says. Legalized workers earned more, moved on to better jobs and invested more in their education so they could get higher pay and better jobs.
A previous study found that "the wages of unauthorized workers are generally unrelated to their actual skill level," Thursday's report said.
"Unauthorized workers tend to be concentrated in the lowest-wage occupations; they try to minimize the risk of deportation even if this means working for lower wages; and they are especially vulnerable to outright exploitation by unscrupulous employers. Once unauthorized workers are legalized, however, these artificial barriers to upward socioeconomic mobility disappear."
Study author Hinojosa-Ojeda is founding director of the North American Integration and Development Center at the University of California, Los Angeles.
The self-described progressive Center for American Progress is a nonpartisan research and educational think tank headed by John Podesta, who was chief of staff for President Bill Clinton.
The Immigration Policy Center, established in 2003, also is a nonpartisan institute.
The report, titled "Raising the Floor for American Workers, The Economic Benefits of Comprehensive Immigration Reform," can be found on the Web.
Washington (CNN) -- Legalization of the more than 11 million unauthorized immigrants in the United States would raise wages, increase consumption, create jobs and generate more tax revenue, two policy institutes say in a joint report Thursday.
The report by the Center for American Progress and the American Immigration Council estimates that "comprehensive immigration reform that legalizes currently unauthorized immigrants and creates flexible legal limits on future immigration" would yield at least $1.5 trillion in added U.S. gross domestic product over a 10-year period.
"This is a compelling economic reason to move away from the current 'vicious cycle' where enforcement-only policies perpetuate unauthorized migration and exert downward pressure on already low wages, and toward a 'virtuous cycle' of worker empowerment in which legal status and labor rights exert upward pressure on wages," study author Raul Hinojosa-Ojeda writes.
The study looks at three scenarios: deportation of undocumented workers, temporary worker programs and legalization of the current undocumented population. Deportation would lead to a loss of $2.6 trillion in gross domestic product over 10 years, the report says, while a worker program would lead to a gain of $792 billion. Full legalization would lead to the best economic results, the study says.
Other groups, such as the Center for Immigration Studies and the Federation for American Immigration Reform, say that unfettered immigration harms the United States and that entry into the nation must remain limited.
When running for president in 2008, Barack Obama said that comprehensive immigration reform would be a priority in his administration, but the issue has been sidelined by health care reform efforts in Congress, the weak economy and the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.
There are indications, however, that the Obama administration aims to revive immigration reform efforts in Congress this year.
The study bases many of its conclusions on an examination of what happened after passage of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, which granted legal status to 3 million unauthorized immigrants.
A 2006 Pew Hispanic Center report found that 56 percent of illegal immigrants in the United States in 2005 were from Mexico, a total of about 6.2 million unauthorized immigrants.
About 2.5 million unauthorized migrants, or 22 percent of the total, came from the rest of Latin America, primarily from Central America, the Pew Hispanic Center study found.
Of the remaining illegal immigrants, about 13 percent were from Asia, and 3 percent were from Canada and Europe, the Pew study said.
The report released Thursday says U.S. enforcement efforts -- mainly along the nearly 2,000-mile border with Mexico -- are costly and ineffective.
"The number of unauthorized immigrants in the United States has increased dramatically since the early 1990s despite equally dramatic increases in the amount of money the federal government spends on immigration enforcement," study author Hinojosa-Ojeda writes.
According to the report, the U.S. Border Patrol says its annual budget has increased by 714 percent since 1992, from $326.2 million in fiscal year 1992 to $2.7 billion in fiscal 2009. And the cost ratio of Border Patrol expenditures to apprehensions has increased by 1,041 percent, from $272 per apprehension in 1992 to $3,102 in 2008.
Similarly, the Border Patrol says the number of agents along the border with Mexico has grown by 390 percent, from 3,555 in fiscal 1992 to 17,415 in 2009.
"Yet the unauthorized immigrant population of the United States has roughly tripled in size over the past two decades, from an estimated 3.5 million in 1990 to 11.9 million in 2008," the report says, noting that illegal immigration appears to have declined slightly since 2007 as a result of the global recession.
The report points out that a long-term study conducted by the University of California, San Diego, found that 92 to 98 percent of unauthorized immigrants keep trying to cross the border until they succeed.
Increased enforcement has several unintended consequences, such as making the Southwestern border more lethal by channeling migrants through remote and rugged mountain and desert areas, the study found. The number of border-crossing deaths doubled in the decade after increased border enforcement started, a 2006 Government Accountability Office report said.
An October 2009 report by the American Civil Liberties Union of San Diego & Imperial Counties and Mexico's National Commission of Human Rights estimates that 5,607 migrants died while crossing the border between 1994 and 2008.
Tightened borders also have created new opportunities for people smugglers, who charged an average $2,000 to $3,000 per person in 2006, the study said. Ninety percent of illegal immigrants now hire smugglers, according to the report.
An examination of trends after the 1986 immigration reform law shows that legalization of unauthorized immigrants has benefits, the report says. Legalized workers earned more, moved on to better jobs and invested more in their education so they could get higher pay and better jobs.
A previous study found that "the wages of unauthorized workers are generally unrelated to their actual skill level," Thursday's report said.
"Unauthorized workers tend to be concentrated in the lowest-wage occupations; they try to minimize the risk of deportation even if this means working for lower wages; and they are especially vulnerable to outright exploitation by unscrupulous employers. Once unauthorized workers are legalized, however, these artificial barriers to upward socioeconomic mobility disappear."
Study author Hinojosa-Ojeda is founding director of the North American Integration and Development Center at the University of California, Los Angeles.
The self-described progressive Center for American Progress is a nonpartisan research and educational think tank headed by John Podesta, who was chief of staff for President Bill Clinton.
The Immigration Policy Center, established in 2003, also is a nonpartisan institute.
The report, titled "Raising the Floor for American Workers, The Economic Benefits of Comprehensive Immigration Reform," can be found on the Web.
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